Chapter 4: Conditional Statements in VBA – Making Decisions with Code

VBA Conditions – Teach Your Program to Think

Conditional statements allow your VBA program to make decisions. They check a condition and run different blocks of code based on whether the condition is True or False. These are used whenever your program needs to choose between multiple paths.

4.1 What are Conditional Statements?

Conditional statements are used when you want your code to behave differently based on given conditions. Example: If marks are 40 or more, student passes. Otherwise, fails.

4.2 Types of Conditional Statements in VBA

• If...Then
• If...Then...Else
• If...ElseIf...Else
• Select Case

4.3 If...Then Statement

This runs code only if the condition is True.

Syntax:
If condition Then
   Statement
End If

Example:

Sub IfExample()
    Dim age As Integer
    age = 20

    If age >= 18 Then
        MsgBox "You are eligible to vote."
    End If
End Sub
    

Output: You are eligible to vote.

4.4 If...Then...Else Statement

This structure runs one block if the condition is True, otherwise another block runs.

Sub PassFailExample()
    Dim marks As Integer
    marks = 35

    If marks >= 40 Then
        MsgBox "Pass"
    Else
        MsgBox "Fail"
    End If
End Sub
    

Output: Fail

4.5 If...ElseIf...Else Statement

Used when multiple conditions need to be checked one by one.

Sub GradeExample()
    Dim marks As Integer
    marks = 85

    If marks >= 90 Then
        MsgBox "Grade A+"
    ElseIf marks >= 75 Then
        MsgBox "Grade A"
    ElseIf marks >= 60 Then
        MsgBox "Grade B"
    Else
        MsgBox "Grade C"
    End If
End Sub
    

Output: Grade A

4.6 Select Case Statement

Select Case is used when there are multiple clear categories or values. It is cleaner and more readable than multiple ElseIf statements.

Syntax:
Select Case expression
   Case value1
      Statements
   Case value2
      Statements
End Select

Example:

Sub DayExample()
    Dim dayNum As Integer
    dayNum = 3

    Select Case dayNum
        Case 1
            MsgBox "Monday"
        Case 2
            MsgBox "Tuesday"
        Case 3
            MsgBox "Wednesday"
        Case 4
            MsgBox "Thursday"
        Case 5
            MsgBox "Friday"
        Case 6
            MsgBox "Saturday"
        Case 7
            MsgBox "Sunday"
        Case Else
            MsgBox "Invalid Day"
    End Select
End Sub
    

Output: Wednesday

4.7 Real-Life Uses of Conditional Statements

• Check if a student passed or failed
• Calculate discounts based on purchase amount
• Show salary category based on salary range
• Identify weekdays and weekends
• Check login status (successful or failed)

4.8 Practice Exercises

1. Write a program to check if a number is positive or negative.
2. Write a program to check if a person is eligible for a driving license (age >= 18).
3. Write a program to assign grades using If...ElseIf.
4. Write a program using Select Case to display the month name (1–12).
5. Write a program to check if a number is even or odd.