⚖️ Lesson 3 :- Conditional Statements in PHP

Ishika April 17, 2025

Conditional Statements in PHP

Conditional statements are used to control the flow of a program. They allow PHP to make decisions and execute code only if certain conditions are met.

🧠 Why Use Conditional Statements?

To control what code runs and when
To validate inputs
To respond to user actions
To display different outputs dynamically

✅ 1. if Statement

Executes code only if the condition is true.

$age = 18;
if ($age >= 18) {
  echo "You are eligible to vote.";
}

🔄 2. if...else Statement

Chooses between two blocks of code.

$marks = 45;
if ($marks >= 50) {
  echo "Pass";
} else {
  echo "Fail";
}

🔁 3. if...elseif...else Statement

Tests multiple conditions in sequence.

$score = 85;

if ($score >= 90) {
  echo "Grade A";
} elseif ($score >= 75) {
  echo "Grade B";
} elseif ($score >= 60) {
  echo "Grade C";
} else {
  echo "Fail";
}

🔃 4. switch Statement

Evaluates a variable and matches it against different cases.

$day = 3;

switch ($day) {
  case 1:
    echo "Monday";
    break;
  case 2:
    echo "Tuesday";
    break;
  case 3:
    echo "Wednesday";
    break;
  default:
    echo "Unknown day";
}

⚡ 5. Ternary Operator

A shorthand way to write simple if...else conditions in one line.

$age = 20;
echo ($age >= 18) ? "Adult" : "Minor";

📝 Summary Table

Statement Type	Description	Use Case
if	Run code if condition is true	One simple condition
if...else	Choose between two options	Yes/No, True/False logic
if...elseif...else	Test multiple conditions	Multiple outcomes
switch	Test one variable against many values	Cleaner than many ifs
ternary	Short if...else on one line	Compact decisions in output